Logic Gates: Logic Gates and Logic Circuits are the building blocks of digital circuits, perform simple logical operations on one or more outputs and produce a single output. With the help of connecting different logic gates, we can perform arithmetic and other logical operations within seconds. Boolean Algebra: The branch of algebra in which the…
Digital Circuit Simplification This is a Boolean expression simplification exercise.There are several Boolean expressions, functions that produce the same results for all possible values in the truth table. In this article, we consider the equipment minimization criteria. Consider the two functions given below. F1 = AB’C + A’BC + A’B’CF2 = A’C + B’C F2…
Introduction: You’ve heard about the number system. Number systems are techniques for representing numbers of a certain type. It is a mathematical notation for representing numbers, consistently using digits or other symbols. Typically we use a decimal number system in our day-to-day life. However, the computer only understands binary numbers. Others are octal and hexadecimal…
Table Of Contents Overview of digital systems Logic levels Digital waveforms Logic families Building blocks of digital circuits Digital electronics is a sub-field of electronics engineering. These circuits use digital signals instead of analog signals, and use binary numbers 1 and 0 for representing ON/OFF states respectively. Boolean Algebra is the basis of digital electronics.…
In this tutorial, there are several solved examples of mapping the standard and non-standard POS and SOP expressions to the K-Map. I tried to make this as simple as possible. Mapping The Standard POS And SOP To The Karnaugh Map: Example 1: Map the three variable SOP expression: For three variables, the k map has…
DC Analysis BJT (, Numericals, Design Problems) part 3 This is another tutorial on BJT DC analysis. This tutorial is important from a design perspective. How to set circuit parameters, to work in an active mode, or in saturation mode or cut-off mode. For example, change in base and collector resistors (RC and RB) will…
LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR EQUIVALENT FORMS: (PART 2) In this tutorial, I am going to provide solved examples with all the steps on the topics given in the outline. These topics are explained in detail in the previous tutorial, I discussed the following topics in detail. Please check out the first part here. OUTLINE: Solved…
Logical Expression and Their Equivalent Forms – Minterms, Maxterms, Canonical Form, Standard Form All of the Boolean Expressions can be represented in either canonical form or standard form. In this tutorial, I am going to explain both forms with the help of solved examples. Learning Objectives: Determine the canonical forms of a Boolean expression Determine…
This performs the inverse operation of the buffer. It is also called the NOT gate. Output is the complement of the input. The inverter performs an inversion operation, changing one logic level to the other. Learning Objectives: It has the same circuit symbol as that of a buffer except for the bubble present at the…
Before starting this topic, you must know about De Morgan’s Law. To find a complement of a Boolean function or expression, simply apply De Morgan’s Law. Outline: How to find out the dual && Complement of a Boolean Function | Expression: For Dual: It involves the following steps The dual has exactly the same…